Finland Offshore Wind Grid Connections[Draft]

How offshore wind transmission assets are planned, constructed, and financed in Finland — from the world’s first ice-designed offshore wind farm to a 40+ GW pipeline.

Last updated: March 2026 · Sources: TEM, Fingrid, Metsähallitus, Energiavirasto · Fact-checked 2026-03-15 (2 iterations)

Operational42 MW (1 farm)

Pipeline40+ GW

Grid Points7 (up to 9 GW)

EEZ ActIn force 1 Jan 2025

Key Regime

Developer-build model — the project developer is responsible for building the grid connection from the offshore wind farm to Fingrid Oyj’s onshore connection point. Fingrid does not build or own offshore connection infrastructure.

Key Bodies

TEMEnergiavirastoFingridMetsähallitusVALO

Key Regulatory Bodies

Body	Role	Key Functions
TEM	Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment	Sets offshore wind policy, prepares legislation (EEZ Act, Electricity Market Act amendments), coordinates the 17-point Action Plan (August 2024), sets offshore wind targets
Energiavirasto	Independent energy regulator	Organises EEZ competitive tenders, determines tender winners by comparing price-quality ratio, supervises electricity market, administers renewable energy support schemes
Fingrid Oyj	Sole TSO (state-majority owned)	Operates the 400/220/110 kV main grid, identifies offshore wind grid connection points, develops grid to accommodate offshore wind. Responsibility extended to EEZ from 1 Jan 2026. Seven connection points identified (up to 9 GW)
Metsähallitus	State-owned enterprise	Controls state-owned sea areas within territorial waters. Organises competitive tendering for territorial water offshore wind projects. Key projects: Korsnas, Ebba, Edith
Council of State	Finnish Government	Designates EEZ offshore wind areas for tendering, grants exploitation permits to tender winners, grants research permits in the EEZ, decides on granting rights of use for territorial water projects
VALO	Consolidated permitting authority (from 1 Jan 2026)	Merges Valvira, AVIs, and ELY Centre environmental units. One-stop-shop for environmental permitting. Priority handling for offshore wind with 1-year target processing time (until 2030)
Traficom	Transport & communications regulator	Issues aviation obstacle permits, publishes offshore wind and shipping coordination guidelines (minimum 1.5 km from navigation routes), assesses impacts on maritime radar and navigation safety
Finnish Defence Forces	National defence	Provides views on project acceptability. Has effectively restricted offshore wind in the Gulf of Finland since late 2013 due to radar interference concerns
Ministry of the Environment	Environmental policy	Oversees maritime spatial planning, Natura 2000 assessments, EIA framework, coordinates Velmu biodiversity mapping. MSP update under way (2024–2027)
Municipalities	Local planning authority	Responsible for zoning in public water areas (territorial waters). Issue construction permits under the Construction Act (751/2023, in force from 1 Jan 2025)
AVI (merged into VALO)	Regional permitting (legacy)	Granted water permits under the Water Act and environmental permits under the Environmental Protection Act. Merged into VALO on 1 January 2026
ELY Centres (merged into VALO)	Regional development (legacy)	Supervised EIA procedures. Determined whether EIA was required for projects below the mandatory threshold. Environmental units merged into VALO on 1 January 2026

2026 Authority Reform: The consolidation of AVI, ELY Centre environmental units, and Valvira into VALO on 1 January 2026 is the most significant permitting reform affecting offshore wind. Green transition projects receive priority processing until 2030.

Chambers Renewable Energy 2025: Finland · Finnish Government: Offshore Wind Action Plan

Developer-Build Model (Primary Regime)

Finland operates a developer-build model for offshore wind grid connections: the project developer is responsible for building the grid connection from the offshore wind farm to Fingrid Oyj’s onshore connection point. This aligns with Sweden’s approach and contrasts with the Dutch and German TSO-build models.

There are two distinct regulatory zones, each with its own area allocation process but the same developer-build principle for grid connection:

Zone	Governing Law	Area Allocation
EEZ	Act on Offshore Wind Power in the EEZ (937/2024), in force 1 Jan 2025	Government designates areas for competitive tendering. Energiavirasto organises tenders. Winners receive exploitation permit
Territorial Waters	Existing legislation (Water Act, Construction Act)	Metsähallitus organises competitive tendering for state-owned public water areas. Municipalities handle zoning

EEZ Tendering Process

The 2025 Act replaced the previous open-door/research-permit system with a state-led tendering regime:

Step	Description
1. Government selects areas	Council of State designates offshore wind power areas for tendering based on the maritime spatial plan, national objectives, grid availability, and coordination with other maritime activities
2. Strategic Environmental Assessment	Government conducts an SEA of the proposed areas before the area decision
3. Government Decree	Detailed tendering rules established by decree (expected October 2025)
4. Energy Authority runs tender	Single-round sealed-bid format. Energiavirasto evaluates bids on a 100-point scale
5. Winner receives exploitation permit	Council of State grants the exploitation permit (~30-year duration). Does not authorise construction
6. Developer obtains permits	Developer must subsequently obtain water permits, complete EIA, and obtain other permits

Tender Selection Criteria (100-Point System)

Component	Weight	Details
Price (exploitation fee)	50 points	Annual fee offered in EUR per installed MW
Project expertise	~16.7 points	Development and construction experience with minimum 100 MW wind capacity (offshore weighted higher); experience cannot exceed 8 years old
Environmental measures	~16.7 points	Renewable energy use during operations, bird radar monitoring commitments
Energy system flexibility	~16.7 points	Battery storage construction or frequency reserve participation commitments

Pre-Qualification Requirements

Requirement	Threshold
Financial capacity (Option A)	EUR 600 million balance sheet with minimum 15% equity ratio
Financial capacity (Option B)	EUR 1 billion in assets under management
Experience	Project management of minimum 100 MW wind turbine capacity (both development and construction)
Participation security	EUR 1 million per tender, due at bid submission
Performance security	EUR 1M (years 1–2), EUR 3M (years 3–5), EUR 5M (year 6+) until 400 MW installed
Participation fee	~EUR 20,000 (non-refundable)
Winning limits	Max 1 win if holding 2 existing permits; max 2 wins if holding 1 existing permit

Runner-up mechanism: If the winner fails to apply for the exploitation permit within 4 months, the runner-up has 6 months to apply. This provides a safeguard against tender failures.

Key EEZ Timeline

Date	Milestone
1 January 2025	Act on Offshore Wind Power in the EEZ enters into force
July 2025	SEA assessment plan open for statements
October 2025	SEA completed; Government Decree on tendering enters into force
End 2025	Government decision on first areas (4 areas proposed: 2 in Bothnian Sea, 2 in Bothnian Bay)
January 2026	First competitive tender commences
Summer 2026	Winner of first tender selected

Key Legislation

Law	Status	Scope
Act on Offshore Wind Power in the EEZ (937/2024)	In force 1 Jan 2025	Area selection, tendering, exploitation permits, research permits in EEZ
Electricity Market Act (588/2013, amended)	Amended; in force 1 Jan 2026	Extends TSO responsibility to EEZ, enables connection grids for generation, allows third-party high-voltage grid construction
Water Act (587/2011)	In force	Water permits for all offshore wind construction
Environmental Protection Act (527/2014)	In force	Environmental permits
Act on EIA Procedure (252/2017)	In force	Mandatory EIA for projects ≥ 45 MW or ≥ 10 turbines
Construction Act (751/2023)	In force from 1 Jan 2025	Construction permits in territorial waters
Act on the EEZ of Finland (1058/2004)	In force	General EEZ governance; cable construction in EEZ
Aviation Act (864/2014)	In force	Obstacle permits for wind turbines

HPP Attorneys: New Era of Offshore Wind in Finnish EEZ · TEM: EEZ Act Enters Into Force

Territorial Waters & Legacy Routes

For projects in Finnish territorial waters (out to 12 nautical miles), state-owned public water areas are managed by Metsähallitus. The framework differs significantly from the EEZ regime.

Metsähallitus Competitive Tendering

Step	Description
1. Policy confirmation	Ministerial Committee on Economic Policy confirmed tendering principles (December 2021)
2. Area approval	Council of State approved five offshore wind power areas (end of 2023)
3. Competitive tendering	Metsähallitus launches tenders, seeking commercial partners who purchase development rights, lease offshore sites, and build/operate wind farms
4. Zoning	Municipalities handle zoning (same as for onshore projects)
5. Construction permits	Building permits issued by the municipality

Key difference from EEZ: Metsähallitus acts as property owner/landlord rather than a regulator. The process is governed by private law (property management) rather than public administrative law. Government decides on granting rights of use after the tender process.

Current Metsähallitus Projects

Project	Developer	Capacity	Status
Korsnas	Vattenfall	1.3–2.5 GW	Reservation agreement (Dec 2022). Geophysical/geotechnical surveys underway. Finland’s most advanced large-scale project
Ebba	Metsähallitus (seeking partner)	TBD	Partner tender concluded Sep 2025 without a winner. Arenso Oy engaged for EIA programme planning. Will relaunch
Edith	Metsähallitus (seeking partner)	TBD	Partner tender concluded without a winner. Will be relaunched

Municipal Water Areas

Where offshore areas fall within municipal water areas (not state-owned public water areas), the municipality itself can grant water area use rights. This applies in limited areas close to shore.

Research Permits in EEZ (Pre-2025 Legacy)

Before the EEZ Act entered into force, the Government could grant research permits in the EEZ allowing developers to conduct surveys and studies. These were non-exclusive and did not guarantee construction rights.

Project	Developer	Location	Capacity	Validity
Voima	Ilmatar Energy Oy	Off Jakobstad, EEZ	Not specified	Until 30 Oct 2024
Norrskar	Ilmatar Energy Oy	Off Kaskinen, EEZ	Not specified	Until 30 Oct 2024
Tuulia	Eolus Finland Oy / Tuulia Offshore Ab	34 km west of Pori, EEZ	1,500 MW	Until 30 Oct 2024
Wellamo	Wellamo Offshore Ab	88 km west of Pori, EEZ	2,000 MW	Until 30 Oct 2027

Åland Islands: The autonomous Åland Islands have their own legislative framework. Major projects include OX2/Ålandsbanken’s Noatun North (~5 GW) and Noatun South (~5 GW). Coordination with mainland Finnish authorities (especially Defence Forces) is required.

Metsähallitus: Public Water Areas · Fondia: EEZ Framework

Consenting & Permitting

The offshore wind permitting process differs between territorial waters and the EEZ. Both require multiple permits from different authorities, but the EEZ route has the Government as the primary permitting authority rather than municipalities.

Territorial Waters Permit Stack

Permit / Assessment	Authority	Legal Basis	Notes
Zoning plan	Municipality	Land Use and Building Act	Offshore areas zoned like land areas
EIA	ELY Centre (from 2026: VALO)	EIA Act (252/2017)	Mandatory for ≥ 45 MW or ≥ 10 turbines
Natura assessment	ELY Centre / VALO	Nature Conservation Act	Required if project may affect Natura 2000 sites
Water permit	AVI (from 2026: VALO)	Water Act (587/2011)	Always required for offshore wind
Environmental permit	AVI (from 2026: VALO)	Environmental Protection Act	Required if significant environmental impacts
Construction permit	Municipality	Construction Act (751/2023)	Verifies technical compliance with zoning (in force from 1 Jan 2025)
Aviation obstacle permit	Traficom	Aviation Act (864/2014)	Required for turbines and tall structures
Defence assessment	Defence Command	Various	Geotechnical surveys require a permit
Water area use agreement	Metsähallitus	Property management	Private-law agreement for use of state-owned sea areas

EEZ Permit Stack

Permit / Assessment	Authority	Legal Basis	Notes
Exploitation permit (from tender)	Council of State	EEZ Act (937/2024)	Exclusive right to develop; ~30-year duration; does not authorise construction
EIA	ELY Centre / VALO	EIA Act (252/2017)	Always required for EEZ projects. May trigger transboundary EIA (Espoo Convention)
Water permit	AVI / VALO	Water Act (587/2011)	Always required; covers every turbine
Aviation obstacle permit	Traficom	Aviation Act (864/2014)	Same requirements as territorial waters
Defence assessment	Defence Command	Various	Defence Forces provide views on project acceptability to Government
Cable permits	Various	EEZ Act (1058/2004)	Cable construction in EEZ governed by existing EEZ legislation

No zoning required in EEZ: Unlike territorial waters, EEZ projects do not require a municipal zoning plan. Area designation is by Government decision.

Defence Forces Constraints

Area	Status
Gulf of Finland	Effectively closed to offshore wind since late 2013 due to radar interference concerns
West coast / Bothnian Bay	Generally more permissive, though Defence Forces assessment still required
Åland area	Assessed per project — Noatun North has received approval, Noatun South has not

Priority Processing (2026 Onwards)

Under the new VALO authority, green transition projects including offshore wind receive priority handling with a target processing time of one year for environmental permits, water permits, or joint proceedings. This priority provision extends through 2030.

Renewables Finland: Permitting Process · Hannes Snellman: Permitting Streamlining

Grid Connection & System Planning

Under Finnish law, the developer is responsible for building and financing the grid connection from the offshore wind farm to Fingrid Oyj’s designated onshore substation. This includes all offshore cables (array and export), offshore substations/platforms, and any onshore cable from landfall to the TSO connection point.

Fingrid is responsible for reinforcing the main grid (400 kV) to accommodate new offshore wind connections. These reinforcement costs are recovered through regulated grid tariffs paid by all grid users — not charged directly to the developer.

Fingrid’s Seven Connection Points

Connection Point	Region	Substation Status	Timeline	Notes
Inkoo	Southern Finland	Existing	N/A currently	Gulf of Finland; restricted by Defence Forces
Raisio	Southwest Finland	Existing (Lieto)	Late 2020s
Ulvila	Satakunta (west coast)	Existing	2020s	Near Pori / Tahkoluoto area
Närpiö	Ostrobothnia	Planned	Early 2030s	Under Fingrid investment programme
Vaasa (Tuovila)	Ostrobothnia	Existing	Early 2030s	Near Korsnas project
Kokkola	Central Ostrobothnia	New required	Early 2030s	Conditional on local electricity consumption increase
Raahe (Hanhela)	Northern Ostrobothnia	Planned	Mid-late 2030s	Conditional on local electricity consumption increase

1.3 GW connection limit: Under Fingrid’s current connection framework, the maximum generation capacity at any single grid connection point is limited to 1.3 GW. This is a Fingrid operational limit/modelling assumption, not a statutory cap enacted in law.

Grid Reinforcement Investment

Item	Amount
Fingrid existing investment programme	~EUR 4 billion
Additional offshore wind reinforcement	~EUR 600–700 million
New/reinforced 400 kV lines needed	~1,000–1,100 km
Primary reinforcement areas	Central Ostrobothnia, Southwest Finland, Uusimaa

Electricity Market Act Amendments (In Force 1 Jan 2026)

Change	Detail
TSO responsibility extended to EEZ	Fingrid’s obligations now cover the Finnish EEZ, not just territorial waters
Connection grids for generation	Multiple power plants may share a common connection grid without requiring an electricity network licence
Third-party HV construction	Distribution system operators and third parties can now build grids above 110 kV
Flexible connection agreements	Staged grid capacity connections are permitted
Hybrid connections enabled	Fingrid can enable hybrid connections with a maximum of 1,300 MW generation to the main grid

Fingrid: Final Offshore Wind Report 2024 · Dittmar & Indrenius: Connecting Offshore Wind to Finnish Grid

Financial & Commercial Framework

No Active Offshore Wind Subsidy

Finland does not currently operate a dedicated subsidy scheme for offshore wind. The country has taken a deliberately market-driven approach. Since 2018, all new wind power in Finland has been developed on fully merchant/subsidy-free terms.

Era	Mechanism	Notes
2011–2017	Feed-in tariff (Act 1396/2010)	Sliding premium tariff for renewable energy. Closed to new wind power at end of 2017
2018	Single technology-neutral auction	Seven projects accepted. No further auctions held or planned
2018–present	Fully merchant / PPA-based	Revenue from wholesale electricity market (Nord Pool) and/or corporate PPAs. No CfDs or feed-in premiums

Exploitation Fee (EEZ)

Under the new EEZ tendering regime, the exploitation fee offered by the winning bidder is payable to the state. This fee (EUR per installed MW annually) is a cost to the developer, not a subsidy. It represents the price paid for the exclusive right to develop the area.

Grid Tariffs & Connection Costs

Cost Category	Detail
Developer-borne costs	Full cost of offshore-to-onshore grid connection infrastructure + standard Fingrid connection charges
Fingrid-borne costs	Reinforcement costs downstream of the connection point, recovered through regulated grid tariffs
Socialised costs	~EUR 600–700 million in offshore wind grid reinforcements ultimately socialised across all tariff payers

Property Tax Reform

Element	Detail
Proposed effective date	Valuation Act from tax year 2025; Real Estate Tax Act from tax year 2030
Power plant rate	Weighted average 3.09% (based on current municipal rates)
General building rate	Weighted average 1.14%
Revenue timing	Property tax revenues expected from the 2030s once EEZ projects are operational

EUR 200M demonstration grant (2026–2029): A EUR 200 million grant allocation supports large demonstration energy projects. Suomen Hyötytuuli received EUR 30M for the Tahkoluoto demo, though this demo phase was subsequently cancelled.

Chambers Renewable Energy 2025: Finland · Castrén & Snellman: Rise of Corporate PPAs in Finland

Bilateral & International Agreements

Agreement	Date	Parties	Key Commitment
Marienborg Declaration	August 2022	8 Baltic Sea countries	19.6 GW Baltic offshore wind by 2030. Finland’s 2030 contribution: ~0.1 GW (reflecting early stage)
Vilnius Declaration	April 2024	8 Baltic Sea governments	Mandate for 8 TSOs (including Fingrid) to strengthen regional cooperation on offshore wind grid infrastructure. Led to creation of BOGI
BEMIP MoU Renewal	May 2025 (Warsaw)	EU Baltic Sea coastal states	Renewed the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (from 2008, reformed 2015). Updates BEMIP High-Level Group responsibilities
Common Offshore Wind Planning (FI-SE)	August 2024	Finland, Sweden	Action Plan Measure 10: establish common planning principles for Gulf of Bothnia / Bothnian Bay offshore wind

EstLink 3 (Finland–Estonia)

Parameter	Detail
Capacity	700 MW
Route	Finland to Aulepa, western Estonia
Technology	HVDC submarine cable + onshore cable + converter station + 330 kV overhead line
Target commissioning	2035
Offshore wind synergy	Route option allows connecting western Estonian offshore wind development areas
Status	Elering submitted building permit application (Feb 2024); EIA initiated (Jul 2024)

Aurora Line (Finland–Sweden)

Parameter	Detail
Capacity	Up to 800 MW (SE→FI) / 900 MW (FI→SE)
Route	Pyhänselkä (Muhos, Finland) via Keminmaa to Messaure (Sweden), ~380 km
Technology	400 kV AC overhead line
Status	Operational
Commercial service	12 November 2025 (months ahead of schedule)
Funding	CEF Energy co-funding of EUR 131 million
Relevance	Strengthens grid capacity in northern Finland where offshore wind connection points (Raahe, Kokkola) are planned

Baltic Wind: EstLink 3 · CINEA: Aurora Line

Historical Evolution

2010
First offshore wind turbine
Single pilot turbine installed at Tahkoluoto, Pori by SuomenHyötytuuli.
2011
Feed-in tariff enters force
Feed-in tariff system (Act 1396/2010) enters into force for renewable energy.
2013
Gulf of Finland blocked
Finnish Defence Forces effectively block offshore wind development in southeast Finland and the Gulf of Finland due to radar interference concerns.
2017
Tahkoluoto completed
Tahkoluoto offshore wind farm completed — 10 turbines (mix of 2.3 MW and 4.2 MW), 157 GWh annual production. World’s first offshore wind farm designed for ice conditions. Feed-in tariff closed to new participants.
2018
Last renewable energy auction
Single technology-neutral auction held by Energy Authority (7 projects accepted). Last state support auction. Corporate PPAs begin to emerge.
2021
Metsähallitus tendering confirmed
Ministerial Committee on Economic Policy confirms principles for Metsähallitus competitive tendering in territorial waters (December).
2022
Marienborg Declaration + major deals
Marienborg Declaration signed (August): 8 Baltic Sea countries commit to 19.6 GW offshore wind by 2030. OX2/Ålandsbanken sign MoU for Noatun (~10 GW total) near Åland Islands (November). Metsähallitus/Vattenfall Korsnas reservation agreement (December). Four EEZ research permits granted.
2023
Area approvals and working groups
Suomen Hyötytuuli receives EUR 30M EU-funded grant for Tahkoluoto extension demo (February). Council of State approves five offshore wind areas in territorial waters (end 2023). TEM appoints working group on offshore wind competitive position (October).
2024
EEZ Act approved
Vilnius Declaration signed (April). Government publishes 17-point Action Plan (August). Fingrid publishes final offshore wind grid connection report: 7 points, up to 9 GW, EUR 700M additional investment (October). Parliament approves EEZ Act (December 12). President approves (December 19).
2025
EEZ Act enters force
Act on Offshore Wind Power in the EEZ enters into force (1 January). Tahkoluoto demo phase cancelled; proceeding with full-scale extension (January). OX2 submits EIA reports for Laine and Halla. BOGI roadmap presented at BEMIP meeting (May).Metsähallitus Ebba/Edith tenders conclude without winner (September). Aurora Line enters commercial service ahead of schedule (November). Electricity Market Act amendment approved (October).
2026
New era begins
Electricity Market Act amendment enters into force (1 January). VALO consolidated permitting authority launches (1 January). BOGI publishes regional offshore system study (January 22). Aurora Line formal inauguration (January 29).

Current Grid Connection Systems

Operational: Tahkoluoto (42 MW)

Parameter	Detail
Name	Tahkoluoto Offshore Wind Farm
Location	Tahkoluoto, Pori (west coast, Satakunta region)
Owner / Operator	Suomen Hyötytuuli Oy (now Tahkoluoto Offshore Oy following 2024 demerger)
Capacity	~42 MW (11 turbines: mix of 2.3 MW and 4.2 MW)
First turbine	2010 (single pilot)
Full completion	2017
Annual production	157 GWh (~8,600 electrically heated homes)
Distinction	World’s first offshore wind farm designed for frozen sea conditions
Grid connection	Connected to local distribution grid, with link to Fingrid main grid

Under Development: Territorial Waters

Project	Developer	Capacity	Status	Connection Point
Korsnas	Vattenfall / Metsähallitus	1.3–2.5 GW	Surveys underway, EIA in progress. Construction planned 2030s	Vaasa (Tuovila)
Tahkoluoto Extension	Tahkoluoto Offshore Oy	~600+ MW (40 x 15+ MW)	Demo phase cancelled Jan 2025; full-scale development. Est. completion 2027	Ulvila
Ebba	Metsähallitus	TBD	EIA programme planning commenced autumn 2025; partner tender to relaunch	TBD
Edith	Metsähallitus	TBD	Partner tender to be relaunched	TBD

Under Development: EEZ Projects

Project	Developer	Capacity	Status	Notes
Laine	OX2 (51%) / Ingka Investments (49%)	2.2 GW (~150 turbines, ~11 TWh/yr)	EIA report submitted April 2025	Gulf of Bothnia
Halla	OX2 (51%) / Ingka Investments (49%)	2.4 GW (~160 turbines, ~12 TWh/yr)	EIA report submitted Feb 2025	First EIA for a Finnish EEZ project
Tyrsky	OX2 (51%) / Ingka Investments (49%)	1.2 GW	EIA process underway	Bothnian Sea
Noatun North	OX2 / Ålandsbanken	~5 GW (~340 turbines, ~20 TWh/yr)	Defence Forces approval received. Koverhar LoI signed Apr 2025	Planned start 2030
Noatun South	OX2 / Ålandsbanken	~5 GW (~310 turbines, ~18 TWh/yr)	Defence Forces approval NOT received

Industry Capacity Targets (Renewables Finland)

Year	Target Capacity
2030	1 GW
2035	7 GW
2040	16 GW
2045	24 GW

Pipeline overview: Approximately 32 offshore wind projects are in the Finnish pipeline with combined capacity exceeding 40 GW. However, only 42 MW is operational (Tahkoluoto) and no large-scale projects are under construction. First large-scale commissioning is targeted for the early 2030s.

Risk scenario: If Finland fails to create a favourable investment environment, Renewables Finland estimates capacity could stagnate at just 1 GW by 2035 and 2 GW by 2040. The Government has indicated 15–26 GW by 2050 is possible but has not set a formal quantitative offshore wind target.

Hyötytuuli: Tahkoluoto · Renewables Finland: Offshore Wind Targets

Supranational Dimension

BOGI — Baltic Offshore Grid Initiative

The most significant supranational framework for Finnish offshore wind is the Baltic Offshore Grid Initiative (BOGI), a cooperation between eight Baltic Sea TSOs.

TSO	Country
Fingrid	Finland
50Hertz	Germany
AST	Latvia
Elering	Estonia
Energinet	Denmark
Litgrid	Lithuania
PSE	Poland
Svenska kraftnät	Sweden

BOGI Key Milestones

Date	Milestone	Detail
April 2024	Vilnius Declaration	Governments mandate TSO cooperation on offshore grids
May 2025	BOGI Roadmap (Warsaw)	Up to EUR 90 billion investment by 2050. Three connection approaches: point-to-point, hybrid, cross-border radial
January 2026	Regional System Study	~13 GW of new cross-border interconnectors and up to 50 GW additional offshore wind by 2040

BOGI Capacity Targets

Metric	Value
Currently installed (Baltic Sea)	Less than 5 GW
By 2030	26.7 GW (set in 2024)
By 2040	~45 GW
Estimated total potential	~93 GW

BEMIP PCI/PMI Projects Involving Finland

Project	Type	Status
Aurora Line 1 & 2 (Finland–Sweden AC)	Electricity interconnection	Operational
EstLink 3 (Finland–Estonia HVDC)	Electricity interconnection	Planned 2035
Nordic Hydrogen Route (Sweden–Finland)	Hydrogen interconnector	PCI status
Nordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor (FI–EE–LV–LT–PL–DE)	Hydrogen corridor	PCI status
Baltic Sea Hydrogen Collector (SE–FI–DE)	Hydrogen collector	PCI status

EU Framework

Framework	Relevance to Finland
TEN-E Regulation (EU 2022/869)	Framework for PCI/PMI selection, including offshore grid corridors in the Baltic Sea
EU Offshore RE Strategy (2020)	60 GW by 2030, 300 GW by 2050 across EU
Baltic Sea Declaration (2022)	8 Baltic countries commit to 19.6 GW offshore wind by 2030
ENTSO-E TYNDP / ONDP	Fingrid participates in Ten-Year Network Development Plan. TYNDP 2024 includes BEMIP offshore network analysis

Hydrogen dimension: The Baltic region is positioned as a net exporter of electricity to the rest of Europe. Three PCI hydrogen projects involving Finland (Nordic Hydrogen Route, Nordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor, Baltic Sea Hydrogen Collector) reflect the growing importance of offshore wind for both electricity and hydrogen systems.

Fingrid: BOGI Roadmap 2025 · Fingrid: BOGI System Study 2026

Reform & Future Direction

Areas of Uncertainty

Area	Detail
No formal national target	Finland has not set a binding quantitative offshore wind target. Industry targets (Renewables Finland) and government scenarios (15–26 GW by 2050) exist but are not legislated
EEZ tender timing	First tender expected early 2026 with winner by summer 2026. Exact timeline depends on decree finalisation
Gulf of Finland	Defence Forces restrictions have blocked southern coast development since 2013; any relaxation would significantly change the pipeline
Grid connection capacity	Fingrid’s 7 connection points (up to 9 GW) are preliminary assessments; no investment decisions have been made
Ebba / Edith relaunch	Both Metsähallitus territorial water tenders concluded without selecting a partner; relaunch timing uncertain
VALO operational capacity	New consolidated authority launched 1 Jan 2026; processing capacity for offshore wind permits still being established
Support scheme	No dedicated offshore wind subsidy; market-based development depends on PPA availability and electricity prices
Hydrogen integration	Several PCI hydrogen corridor projects involve Finland but timelines and feasibility remain uncertain

Upcoming Developments

Timeline	Development
Summer 2026	Winner of first EEZ tender expected
2026–2027	Maritime spatial plan update under way
2027	Tahkoluoto extension targeted completion
Early 2030s	First large-scale offshore wind commissioning
2030	Industry target: 1 GW operational capacity
2035	EstLink 3 commissioning; industry target: 7 GW
2040	Industry target: 16 GW
2050	Government scenario: 15–26 GW (not a formal target)

Critical success factors: Finland’s offshore wind ambitions depend on successful EEZ tender launch, Defence Forces accommodation, timely grid reinforcement, and a stable investment framework without subsidies. The gap between the 40+ GW pipeline and 42 MW operational capacity is enormous.

Finnish Government: Offshore Wind Action Plan

Key Sources

TEM: EEZ Act Enters Into Force Fingrid: Offshore Wind Connection Report Metsähallitus: Public Water Areas HPP Attorneys: New Era of Offshore Wind in Finnish EEZ Chambers Renewable Energy 2025: Finland Renewables Finland: Offshore Wind Dittmar & Indrenius: Connecting Offshore Wind Hyötytuuli: Tahkoluoto Fingrid: BOGI Roadmap Renewables Finland: Targets Hannes Snellman: Permitting Reform Renewables Finland: Permitting Process

Fact Check

This page was fact-checked using automated verification (OpenAI gpt-5.4 with web search). Two iterations were run against the research document, with findings independently verified before corrections were applied.

Iteration	Date	Errors Reported	Verified & Fixed	False Positives	Summary
2	2026-03-15	12	5	7	Key fixes: Metsähallitus territorial waters role corrected, EEZ Act approval date 27 Dec→19 Dec 2024, MSP update timeline corrected, EEZ tender scoring details flagged as provisional.
1	2026-03-15	15	8	7	Key fixes: removed unsupported EEZ building permit from Council of State role, updated Land Use and Building Act references to Construction Act (751/2023), 1.3 GW reframed as Fingrid operational limit not statutory cap, BEMIP dating corrected.

This reference is provided for informational purposes. Regulatory frameworks are complex and subject to change. Always consult primary sources and professional advisors for decisions. Last reviewed March 2026.