KEMA-CESI was appointed by TenneT as a preferred supplier within an HVDC engineering support framework for 2 GW bipolar HVDC converter-station grid connections, including Nederwiek 2. The described scope covered HVDC system studies (including harmonic studies), control and protection support, dynamic performance and factory performance testing support using RTDS, and primary plant engineering for HVDC/AC (AIS/GIS), with on-site support that could include installation and commissioning support (onshore or offshore).