KEMA-CESI was selected by TenneT to provide HVDC engineering support to the EPCI contractors for the 2 GW bipolar HVDC converter stations used on Dutch offshore grid connections including IJmuiden Ver Gamma. The support scope included HVDC system studies (including harmonic studies), VSC control and protection/dynamic performance work and factory performance testing support (e.g., RTDS), plus primary plant engineering for HVDC/AC equipment (AIS/GIS) and installation/commissioning support (onshore or offshore).