Regulatory Lifecycle — Regime Comparison

How each regime handles a project's lifecycle — seabed rights, permits, offtake. Each cell names the legal instrument and its issuing body.

Regimes

Show full descriptionsHide undocumented

How to read this page

Each row is a lifecycle step; each column is a regime. Use the controls above to focus on the regimes you care about and to expand the full descriptions.

Instrument…Distinct stage

Its own dated milestone — the cell names the instrument and issuing body.

BundledBundled into another step

Dated to another event — e.g. Germany's Zuschlag grants lease + revenue together. Links to the event it folds into.

Not usedNot used in this regime

No equivalent step exists — e.g. Sweden's open-door model has no competitive auction.

No entryNot yet documented

We haven't written this cell yet — a gap on our side, not a regime fact.

Siting & Property Rights

How a regime designates a seabed area as developable and grants the property right to build there. Where lease-style instruments collapse with regulatory designation (UK Crown Estate, Polish PSZW), only one event is emitted.

Zone identified

Strategic / spatial-plan designation of a sea area as suitable for offshore wind.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Crown Estate leasing round launch

Authority

The Crown Estate / Crown Estate Scotland

GermanyDE

Instrument

Flächenentwicklungsplan (FEP) / Bundesfachplan Offshore (pre-2019)

Authority

Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH)

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Programma Noordzee designation

Authority

Dutch Cabinet

StatuteEU Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/EU

FranceFR

Instrument

DSF (Documents Stratégiques de Façade) / CNDP debate / PPE adoption

Authority

Ministre de la Transition Écologique / CNDP

PolandPL

Instrument

PZP POM (Plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego polskich obszarów morskich)

Authority

Rada Ministrów (plan drafted by Ministry of Infrastructure)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Havplan / project-specific SEA

Authority

Søfartsstyrelsen (havplan) / Danish Energy Agency (DEA, SEA)

StatuteHavplanloven (Maritime Spatial Planning Act, transposing EU Directive 2014/89/EU)

SwedenSE

Instrument

Havsplaner (marine spatial plans) — områden för energiutvinning

Authority

Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV); adopted by the Government

StatuteHavsplaneringsförordning (2015:400); EU Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/EU

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Marine Spatial Plan (Marien Ruimtelijk Plan / Plan d'aménagement des espaces marins)

Authority

Federal Council of Ministers (Royal Decree)

StatuteMarine Environment Act of 11 December 2022 (8-year planning cycle)

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Site selected

State-side designation of a specific developable site / kavel / FEP plot.

United KingdomGB

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Lease executed

GermanyDE

Instrument

Voruntersuchung (BSH preliminary site investigation)

Authority

Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH)

StatuteWindSeeG §11(1)

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Kavelbesluit (plot decision)

Authority

Minister of KGG (with Ministers of VRO, I&W and LVVN)

StatuteWet windenergie op zee Art. 3

FranceFR

Instrument

Arrêté ministériel désignant les lauréats

Authority

Ministre de la Transition Écologique (on advice from CRE)

PolandPL

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Lease executed

DenmarkDK

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Lease awarded

SwedenSE

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Lease executed

BelgiumBE

Instrument

FPS Economy parcel identification (Princess Elisabeth Zone)

Authority

FPS Economy — Directorate-General for Energy

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Lease application

Developer applies for seabed property rights — Crown Estate bid, BNetzA bid, RVO tender, CUDPM, PSZW.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Crown Estate Round bid / CES tender bid

Authority

The Crown Estate / Crown Estate Scotland

GermanyDE

Instrument

BNetzA Ausschreibung bid submission

Authority

Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)

StatuteWindSeeG

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

RVO tender bid submission

Authority

RVO (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland)

StatuteWet windenergie op zee

FranceFR

Instrument

Dossier de candidature / CUDPM application

Authority

CRE (tender dossier) / préfet maritime + préfet de département (CUDPM)

StatuteCG3P L.2124-3 (CUDPM)

PolandPL

Instrument

PSZW application

Authority

Minister of Infrastructure

StatuteUstawa o obszarach morskich Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Maritime Areas Act 1991), Art. 23 (Art. 23 ust. 2a for Phase II)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

DEA tender bid / forundersøgelsestilladelse application

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA / Energistyrelsen)

StatuteVE-loven (RE Promotion Act); Offshore Wind Promotion Act

SwedenSE

Instrument

Project permit application (EEZ tillstånd / Environmental Code permit)

Authority

Regeringen (EEZ) / Mark- och miljödomstolen (territorial waters)

StatuteLagen (1992:1140) om Sveriges ekonomiska zon; Kontinentalsockellagen (1966:314); Miljöbalken (1998:808)

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Domain concession application / PEZ tender bid

Authority

FPS Economy — Directorate-General for Energy

StatuteFederal Electricity Act of 29 April 1999, Art. 6; RD of 20 December 2000 (first zone) / Law of 12 May 2019 + RD of 3 June 2024 (PEZ)

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Lease awarded

Preferred-bidder / winner announcement before the lease document is executed.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Preferred-bidder announcement

Authority

The Crown Estate / Crown Estate Scotland

GermanyDE

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Lease executed

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Tender Vergunning

Authority

Minister of KGG (administered by RVO)

StatuteWet windenergie op zee Art. 12-15

TermUp to 40 years (Art. 15(2) WWZ)

FranceFR

Instrument

Arrêté ministériel désignant les lauréats

Authority

Ministre de la Transition Écologique

PolandPL

Instrument

PSZW award announcement / Phase II competitive ranking outcome

Authority

Minister Infrastruktury (Minister Gospodarki Morskiej pre-2020)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

DEA tender winner designation / lottery draw

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA / Energistyrelsen)

StatuteVE-loven (RE Promotion Act); Offshore Wind Promotion Act

SwedenSE

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Lease executed

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Domain concession award announcement / PEZ tender winner designation

Authority

Federal Minister of Energy

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Lease executed

Binding seabed-rights instrument signed — AfL, Zuschlag, Vergunning, CUDPM, PSZW.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Agreement for Lease (AfL) / Option Agreement

Authority

The Crown Estate / Crown Estate Scotland

Term~60 years from CfD start

GermanyDE

Instrument

BNetzA Zuschlag (auction award)

Authority

Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)

StatuteWindSeeG §22 et seq.; §69(7) (extension)

Term25 years + single 10-year extension

NetherlandsNL

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Lease awarded

FranceFR

Instrument

CUDPM (post-2018) / DPM concession (pre-2018)

Authority

Préfet maritime + préfet de département (joint inter-préfectoral arrêté)

StatuteCG3P L.2124-3

TermTypically 30-40 years

PolandPL

Instrument

PSZW (Pozwolenie na wznoszenie i wykorzystywanie sztucznych wysp, konstrukcji i urządzeń w polskich obszarach morskich)

Authority

Minister of Infrastructure

StatuteUstawa o obszarach morskich Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Maritime Areas Act 1991), Art. 23-27d

Term30 years (renewable up to ~50 years total)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

DEA concession agreement / forundersøgelsestilladelse / ministerial directive

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA / Energistyrelsen) — pre-tender: Minister of Environment and Energy

StatuteVE-loven (RE Promotion Act); Offshore Wind Promotion Act

Term30 years (modern DK-tender concession)

SwedenSE

Instrument

Government EEZ permit / Land and Environmental Court permit

Authority

Regeringen (EEZ) / Mark- och miljödomstolen (territorial waters)

StatuteLagen (1992:1140) om Sveriges ekonomiska zon; Kontinentalsockellagen (1966:314); Miljöbalken (1998:808) kap. 9 + 11

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Domain concession (domeinconcessie / concession domaniale)

Authority

Federal Minister of Energy

StatuteFederal Electricity Act of 29 April 1999, Art. 6; RD of 20 December 2000 (first zone) / RD of 3 June 2024 (PEZ)

Termup to 30 years (first zone, renewable); 40 years (PEZ)

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Permitting & Consents

Environmental impact assessment and the development consent that authorises construction. Many regimes bundle EIA approval into the planning consent — this is captured per-country.

Public consultation

Statutory public consultation on the project's environmental and planning case.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Statutory pre-application consultation

Authority

PINS / Welsh Ministers / Scottish Ministers / MMO

GermanyDE

Instrument

Statutory consultation (BSH / Land / FEP rounds)

Authority

BSH / Land planning authorities

StatuteWindSeeG §69; EnWG §43

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Statutory consultation (NRD / Kavelbesluit / MER / Programma Noordzee)

Authority

Minister of KGG / RVO

FranceFR

Instrument

Enquête publique / CNDP débat public / consultation préalable

Authority

Préfet de département (enquête publique) / CNDP (débats publics)

StatuteCode de l'environnement R.123-1 et seq.; L.121-15-1 CE

PolandPL

Instrument

Konsultacje społeczne (EIA / PZP POM / building permit)

Authority

RDOŚ Gdańsk / RDOŚ Szczecin / Council of Ministers / Wojewoda

StatuteUstawa OOŚ 2008 (EIA consultations)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

DEA / Søfartsstyrelsen statutory consultations

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA) / Søfartsstyrelsen (havplan)

SwedenSE

Instrument

Samråd (consultation) under the Environmental Code; havsplan and Espoo consultations

Authority

Länsstyrelsen / Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV)

StatuteMiljöbalken (1998:808)

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Public consultation on the EIA Report

Authority

FPS Health — Marine Environment Department

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

EIA submitted

Environmental Statement / UVP / MER / étude d'impact / Raport OOŚ filed.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Environmental Statement

Authority

PINS (England NSIP) / Energy Consents Unit (Scotland)

GermanyDE

Instrument

UVP-Untersuchung (Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung)

Authority

BSH / Land planning authorities

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

MER (milieueffectrapportage)

Authority

Minister of KGG (with NCEA / Commissie m.e.r. quality review)

FranceFR

Instrument

Étude d'impact

Authority

Préfet de département

StatuteCode de l'environnement L.122-1, L.181-3

PolandPL

Instrument

KIP + Raport OOŚ

Authority

RDOŚ Gdańsk (Pomeranian) / RDOŚ Szczecin (West Pomeranian)

StatuteUstawa OOŚ 2008 Art. 71 et seq.

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Miljøvurdering (environmental impact report)

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA)

StatuteExecutive Order no. 68 of 26 January 2012; EU EIA Directive 2011/92/EU

SwedenSE

Instrument

Miljökonsekvensbeskrivning (MKB)

Authority

Regeringen / Mark- och miljödomstolen (assessing authority)

StatuteMiljöbalken (1998:808)

BelgiumBE

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Planning consent submitted

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

EIA approved

Competent authority accepts the environmental assessment. Often bundled into the planning consent.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Marine Directorate EIA Decision Notice (Scotland) — bundled elsewhere

Authority

Marine Directorate / MD-LOT (Scotland)

GermanyDE

Instrument

Bundled in development consent (or disapplied under §70a)

Authority

BSH / Land planning authorities

StatuteWindSeeG §70a; BNatSchG §34, §44(1)

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Bundled in Kavelbesluit

Authority

Minister of KGG

FranceFR

Instrument

Bundled in AE arrêté (or pre-2018 IOTA / ICPE arrêtés)

Authority

Préfet de département

PolandPL

Instrument

DŚU (Decyzja o środowiskowych uwarunkowaniach)

Authority

RDOŚ Gdańsk / RDOŚ Szczecin (GDOŚ for transboundary opinion)

StatuteUstawa OOŚ 2008 Art. 71 et seq.; Offshore Wind Promotion Act 2020 Art. 50-58 (immediate enforceability)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

DEA EIA decision (separate from the establishment permit)

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA); appeals to Energiklagenævnet

StatuteExecutive Order no. 68 of 26 January 2012; EU EIA Directive 2011/92/EU; VE-loven (appeals)

SwedenSE

Instrument

Bundled in the project permit (no standalone EIA decision)

Authority

Regeringen (EEZ) / Mark- och miljödomstolen (territorial waters)

BelgiumBE

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Planning consent awarded

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

EIA declined / withdrawn

EIA rejected or withdrawn before approval.

United KingdomGB

Not yet documented.

GermanyDE

Not yet documented.

NetherlandsNL

Not yet documented.

FranceFR

Not yet documented.

PolandPL

Instrument

DŚU refusal / withdrawal / GDOŚ appeal annulment

Authority

RDOŚ Gdańsk / RDOŚ Szczecin (GDOŚ on appeal)

DenmarkDK

Not yet documented.

SwedenSE

Not yet documented.

BelgiumBE

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Planning consent declined / withdrawn

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Planning consent submitted

Development consent application — DCO, Planfeststellung, Kavelbesluit, AE, building permit.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

DCO / s36 / sub-NSIP / Welsh consent / legacy IC marine application

Authority

PINS / Welsh Ministers / Scottish Ministers (ECU) / MMO / DfT (pre-2011)

GermanyDE

Instrument

Planfeststellungsbeschluss / Plangenehmigung / SeeAnlV Genehmigung application

Authority

BSH (EEZ >12nm) / Land planning authorities (≤12nm + onshore corridor)

StatuteWindSeeG (post-2017); SeeAnlV/SeeAnlVO (pre-2017); EnWG §43 (onshore corridor)

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Vergunning application (post-2015) / Wbr permit application (pre-2015)

Authority

RVO (post-2015) / Rijkswaterstaat (pre-2015)

StatuteWet windenergie op zee (post-2015); Wet beheer rijkswaterstaatswerken (pre-2015)

FranceFR

Instrument

AE application / DUP application (post-2018); IOTA + dérogation + ICPE (pre-2018)

Authority

Préfet de département (or décret en Conseil d'État for cross-departmental DUP)

StatuteCode de l'environnement L.181-1 et seq. (AE); Code de l'expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique (DUP)

PolandPL

Instrument

Pozwolenie na budowę application

Authority

Wojewoda Pomorski (Pomeranian) / Wojewoda Zachodniopomorski (West Pomeranian)

StatuteUstawa z dnia 7 lipca 1994 r. Prawo budowlane (Construction Law)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Etableringstilladelse application

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA)

StatuteVE-loven (RE Promotion Act)

SwedenSE

Instrument

EEZ permit application / Land and Environmental Court permit application

Authority

Regeringen (EEZ) / Mark- och miljödomstolen (territorial waters)

StatuteLagen (1992:1140) om Sveriges ekonomiska zon; Kontinentalsockellagen (1966:314); Miljöbalken (1998:808) kap. 9 + 11

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Environmental (marine protection) permit application

Authority

FPS Health — Marine Environment Department

StatuteMarine Environment Act of 11 December 2022 + RD of 26 April 2024 (first-zone projects: Marine Environment Protection Act of 20 January 1999 + RDs of 7 & 9 September 2003)

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Planning consent awarded

Development consent granted — the legal authorisation to build.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Development Consent Order / Section 36 / sub-NSIP s36 + Marine Licence package

Authority

Secretary of State (DESNZ) / Welsh Ministers / Scottish Ministers / MMO

StatutePlanning Act 2008; Electricity Act 1989 ss.36 & 36C; Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009; Infrastructure (Wales) Act 2024

GermanyDE

Instrument

Planfeststellungsbeschluss / Plangenehmigung / SeeAnlV Genehmigung

Authority

BSH (EEZ >12nm) / Land planning authorities (≤12nm + onshore corridor)

StatuteWindSeeG (post-2017); SeeAnlV/SeeAnlVO (pre-2017); EnWG §43 (onshore corridor)

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Tender Vergunning (post-2015) / Wbr permit (pre-2015)

Authority

Minister of KGG (post-2015) / Rijkswaterstaat (pre-2015)

StatuteWet windenergie op zee Art. 12-15 (post-2015); Wet beheer rijkswaterstaatswerken (pre-2015)

TermVergunning: up to 40 years (Art. 15(2) WWZ)

FranceFR

Instrument

Arrêté préfectoral d'autorisation environnementale / arrêté DUP (post-2018); IOTA + dérogation + ICPE (pre-2018)

Authority

Préfet de département (or décret en Conseil d'État for cross-departmental DUP)

StatuteCode de l'environnement L.181-1 (AE); Code de l'expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique (DUP)

PolandPL

Instrument

Pozwolenie na budowę (building permit)

Authority

Wojewoda Pomorski / Wojewoda Zachodniopomorski

StatuteUstawa z dnia 7 lipca 1994 r. Prawo budowlane Art. 28-49; Offshore Wind Promotion Act 2020 Art. 50-58 (immediate enforceability + 90-day statutory timeline)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Etableringstilladelse (establishment permit)

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA); appeals to Energiklagenævnet

StatuteVE-loven (RE Promotion Act)

SwedenSE

Instrument

Government EEZ permit / Land and Environmental Court permit

Authority

Regeringen (EEZ) / Mark- och miljödomstolen (territorial waters); appeals to Mark- och miljööverdomstolen

StatuteLagen (1992:1140) om Sveriges ekonomiska zon; Kontinentalsockellagen (1966:314); Miljöbalken (1998:808) kap. 9 + 11

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Environmental (marine protection) permit

Authority

Federal Minister in charge of the North Sea / Marine Environment

StatuteMarine Environment Act of 11 December 2022 + RD of 26 April 2024 (first-zone projects: Marine Environment Protection Act of 20 January 1999 + RDs of 7 & 9 September 2003)

Termconstruction authorisation 5 years (extendable once by 5); operating permit 20 years

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Planning consent declined / withdrawn

Development consent refused or withdrawn.

United KingdomGB

Not yet documented.

GermanyDE

Not yet documented.

NetherlandsNL

Not yet documented.

FranceFR

Instrument

AE refusal / pre-2018 IOTA or dérogation refusal

Authority

Préfet de département

PolandPL

Instrument

Pozwolenie na budowę refusal / withdrawal / appeal annulment

Authority

Wojewoda Pomorski / Wojewoda Zachodniopomorski

DenmarkDK

Not yet documented.

SwedenSE

Instrument

Government EEZ permit refusal (defence veto) / municipal veto refusal

Authority

Regeringen (defence) / Kommun (municipal veto, territorial waters)

StatuteLagen (1992:1140) om Sveriges ekonomiska zon; Miljöbalken (1998:808) kap. 16 § 4 (municipal veto)

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Environmental (marine protection) permit refusal

Authority

Federal Minister in charge of the North Sea / Marine Environment

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Consent variation submitted

Material-change application to amend an existing development consent.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

DCO Material Change application / s36C variation application

Authority

PINS (DCO) / Scottish Ministers / Welsh Ministers

GermanyDE

Instrument

Planfeststellung / Plangenehmigung Änderung application

Authority

BSH (offshore EEZ) / Land planning authorities (≤12nm + onshore corridor)

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Wijzigingsbesluit application / Vergunning variation application

Authority

Minister of KGG / Rijkswaterstaat (pre-2015)

FranceFR

Instrument

Arrêté modificatif AE application / DUP modification application

Authority

Préfet de département

PolandPL

Instrument

Zmiana pozwolenia na budowę application

Authority

Wojewoda Pomorski / Wojewoda Zachodniopomorski

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Etableringstilladelse variation application

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA)

SwedenSE

Instrument

Project permit amendment application

Authority

Regeringen (EEZ) / Mark- och miljödomstolen (territorial waters)

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Environmental permit amendment application

Authority

FPS Health — Marine Environment Department

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Consent variation awarded

Amendment to the development consent approved.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

DCO Material Change approval / s36C variation grant

Authority

Secretary of State / Scottish Ministers / Welsh Ministers

GermanyDE

Instrument

Confirmed Planfeststellung amendment

Authority

BSH (offshore EEZ) / Land planning authorities (≤12nm + onshore corridor)

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Wijzigingsbesluit / Vergunning amendment

Authority

Minister of KGG (with Ministers of VRO, I&W, LVVN) / Rijkswaterstaat (pre-2015)

StatuteWet windenergie op zee Art. 3, Art. 15(2)

FranceFR

Instrument

Arrêté modificatif AE / DUP modification

Authority

Préfet de département (or décret en Conseil d'État for cross-departmental DUP)

PolandPL

Instrument

Zmiana pozwolenia na budowę

Authority

Wojewoda Pomorski / Wojewoda Zachodniopomorski

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Etableringstilladelse variation

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA); Energiklagenævnet on appeal

SwedenSE

Instrument

Project permit amendment

Authority

Regeringen (EEZ) / Mark- och miljödomstolen (territorial waters)

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Environmental permit amendment

Authority

Federal Minister in charge of the North Sea / Marine Environment

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Other permit submitted

Sub-consents and ancillary licences — marine licences, cable permits, water-law consents.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Marine Licence / TCPA permission / Generation Licence applications

Authority

MMO / Marine Directorate / Natural Resources Wales / DAERA / local councils / Ofgem / SNCBs

GermanyDE

Instrument

Activity-specific permits — Baugenehmigung / BImSchG / BergG / WHG / BNatSchG

Authority

Gemeinde (local municipal) / Land authorities

StatuteBauGB; BImSchG §4 / §16; BergG; WHG; BNatSchG

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Activity-specific permits — Wnb / Watervergunning / Espoo / shipping orders

Authority

Ministry of LVVN / Rijkswaterstaat / Waterschap

StatuteOmgevingswet (consolidating Waterwet, Wet natuurbescherming, Wabo)

FranceFR

Instrument

Permis de construire / permission de voirie / IOTA / défrichement / AOEx (standalone)

Authority

Mairie / préfecture / DGEC / Ministre de la Transition Écologique (AOEx)

StatuteCode de l'urbanisme (PC); Code de l'énergie L.311-5 + Décret 2016-687 (AOEx)

PolandPL

Instrument

Sub-permit applications — PUUK / UUUK / wodnoprawne / lokalizacyjna / warunki techniczne / koncesja / pozwolenie na użytkowanie

Authority

Dyrektor Urzędu Morskiego (Gdynia / Szczecin) / Minister of Infrastructure / Wody Polskie / Wójt / Burmistrz / Prezydent Miasta / Wojewoda / Prezes URE / PINB

StatuteMaritime Areas Act 1991 Art. 26-27 (PUUK / UUUK); Prawo energetyczne 1997 (koncesja); Prawo budowlane 1994 Art. 55 (pozwolenie na użytkowanie)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Sub-permit applications — forundersøgelsestilladelse / third-stage licence / Natura 2000 / Kystdirektoratet / Søfartsstyrelsen / municipal / Espoo

Authority

DEA / Miljøstyrelsen / Kystdirektoratet / Søfartsstyrelsen / municipalities

StatuteVE-loven (RE Promotion Act)

SwedenSE

Instrument

Sub-permit applications — Continental Shelf investigation / Natura 2000 / species derogation / network concession

Authority

SGU / Länsstyrelsen / Energimarknadsinspektionen (Ei)

StatuteKontinentalsockellagen (1966:314); Miljöbalken (1998:808) kap. 7 (Natura 2000); Artskyddsförordningen (2007:845)

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Natura 2000 authorisation / cable-laying permit application

Authority

MUMM / FPS Health — Marine Environment Department

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Other permit awarded

Sub-consent or ancillary licence granted.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Marine Licence / TCPA permission / Generation Licence grants

Authority

MMO / Marine Directorate / Natural Resources Wales / DAERA / local councils / Ofgem / SNCBs

GermanyDE

Instrument

Activity-specific permit grants — Baugenehmigung / BImSchG / BergG / WHG / BNatSchG

Authority

Gemeinde (local municipal) / Land authorities

StatuteBauGB; BImSchG §4 / §16; BergG; WHG; BNatSchG

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Activity-specific permit grants — Wnb / Watervergunning / Espoo / shipping orders

Authority

Ministry of LVVN / Rijkswaterstaat / Waterschap

StatuteOmgevingswet (consolidating Waterwet, Wet natuurbescherming, Wabo)

FranceFR

Instrument

Permis de construire / permission de voirie / IOTA / défrichement / AOEx (standalone) — grants

Authority

Mairie / préfecture / DGEC / Ministre de la Transition Écologique (AOEx)

StatuteCode de l'urbanisme (PC); Code de l'énergie L.311-5 + Décret 2016-687 (AOEx)

PolandPL

Instrument

Sub-permit grants — PUUK / UUUK / wodnoprawne / lokalizacyjna / warunki techniczne / koncesja / pozwolenie na użytkowanie

Authority

Dyrektor Urzędu Morskiego / Minister of Infrastructure / Wody Polskie / Wójt / Burmistrz / Prezydent Miasta / Wojewoda / Prezes URE / PINB

StatuteMaritime Areas Act 1991; Prawo energetyczne 1997; Prawo budowlane 1994 Art. 55; Offshore Wind Promotion Act 2020 Art. 50-58 (immediate enforceability)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Sub-permit grants — forundersøgelsestilladelse / third-stage licence / Natura 2000 / Kystdirektoratet / Søfartsstyrelsen / municipal / Espoo

Authority

DEA / Miljøstyrelsen / Kystdirektoratet / Søfartsstyrelsen / municipalities

StatuteVE-loven (RE Promotion Act)

SwedenSE

Instrument

Sub-permit grants — Continental Shelf investigation / Natura 2000 / species derogation

Authority

SGU / Länsstyrelsen / Government

StatuteKontinentalsockellagen (1966:314); Miljöbalken (1998:808) kap. 7; Artskyddsförordningen (2007:845)

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Natura 2000 authorisation / cable-laying permit

Authority

Federal Minister in charge of the North Sea / Marine Environment

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Other permit declined / withdrawn

Sub-consent or ancillary licence refused.

United KingdomGB

Not yet documented.

GermanyDE

Not yet documented.

NetherlandsNL

Not yet documented.

FranceFR

Not yet documented.

PolandPL

Instrument

Sub-permit refusal or withdrawal

Authority

Various — Dyrektor Urzędu Morskiego / Wody Polskie / URE / PINB / Wojewoda

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Sub-permit refusal / withdrawal (notably the 1 September 2025 open-door batch)

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA)

SwedenSE

Not yet documented.

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Ancillary permit refusal

Authority

Federal Minister in charge of the North Sea / Marine Environment

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Regulatory — other

Catch-all for regulatory events that don't fit a more specific slot (e.g. CUDPM avenants, PPA amendments).

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Other regulatory milestone

Authority

Various — Ofgem, DESNZ, PINS, The Crown Estate

GermanyDE

Instrument

Other regulatory milestone

Authority

Various — BSH, BNetzA, federal cabinet, CJEU

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Other regulatory milestone

Authority

Various — Minister of KGG, RVO, Dutch Cabinet, foreign authorities

FranceFR

Instrument

Other regulatory milestone

Authority

Various — Ministre de la Transition Écologique, CRE, Conseil d'État, Parliament

PolandPL

Instrument

Other regulatory milestone

Authority

Various — Minister of Infrastructure, Dyrektor Urzędu Morskiego, courts, government

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Other regulatory milestone

Authority

Various — DEA, KEFM, European Commission, Energiklagenævnet, Klagenævnet for Udbud

SwedenSE

Instrument

Other regulatory milestone

Authority

Various — Regeringen, Länsstyrelsen, kommun, HaV

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Domain concession modifications · PEZ tender cancellation · framework Royal Decrees

Authority

Federal Minister of Energy / FPS Economy

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Auctions & Offtake

How a regime competes for and awards revenue support — CfDs, FiTs, tariff guarantees, cap-and-floor windows. Many countries bundle revenue award onto the same calendar date as the lease (Germany Zuschlag, Netherlands Vergunning, France arrêté lauréats).

Auction opened

State opens a competitive procedure — CfD allocation round, cahier des charges, Ausschreibung, RVO tender.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

CfD Allocation Round / Capacity Investment Budget window / Cap-and-Floor window

Authority

DESNZ / NESO / Ofgem

GermanyDE

Instrument

BNetzA Ausschreibung launch

Authority

Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)

StatuteWindSeeG

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

RVO tender opening

Authority

RVO / Minister of KGG

FranceFR

Instrument

Cahier des charges publication

Authority

DGEC (on advice from CRE)

PolandPL

Instrument

Phase I administrative allocation (pre-2025) / Phase II competitive CfD auction (post-2025)

Authority

Prezes URE (max strike price set by Minister Klimatu i Środowiska)

StatuteOffshore Wind Promotion Act 2020 (Dz.U. 2021 poz. 234; consolidated Dz.U. 2025 poz. 498)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

DEA tender launch

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA); maximum strike price set by Ministry of Climate (KEFM)

StatuteVE-loven (RE Promotion Act); Offshore Wind Promotion Act

SwedenSE

Not used in this regime

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Princess Elisabeth Zone competitive tender publication

Authority

FPS Economy — Directorate-General for Energy

StatuteLaw of 12 May 2019 + RD of 3 June 2024 (as amended)

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Auction bid closed

Bid window closed; bids received pending evaluation.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

CfD sealed-bid window close / Cap-and-Floor application close

Authority

DESNZ / NESO / Ofgem

GermanyDE

Instrument

BNetzA bid window close

Authority

Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

RVO bid window close

Authority

RVO

FranceFR

Instrument

CRE bid window close

Authority

Commission de régulation de l'énergie (CRE)

PolandPL

Instrument

URE bid window close (Phase II only)

Authority

Prezes URE

DenmarkDK

Instrument

DEA tender bid deadline

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA)

SwedenSE

Not used in this regime

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Princess Elisabeth Zone tender bid deadline

Authority

FPS Economy — Directorate-General for Energy

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Revenue application

Developer submits a bid into the revenue mechanism.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

CfD sealed bid / Cap-and-Floor application

Authority

NESO / Ofgem

GermanyDE

Instrument

BNetzA Ausschreibung bid

Authority

Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)

StatuteWindSeeG

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

RVO tender bid (subsidised tracks only)

Authority

RVO

FranceFR

Instrument

Dossier de candidature

Authority

Commission de régulation de l'énergie (CRE)

PolandPL

Instrument

Phase I CfD application + URE Art. 16 decision / Phase II auction bid

Authority

Prezes URE

StatuteOffshore Wind Promotion Act 2020 Art. 13(1), Art. 16

DenmarkDK

Instrument

DEA tender bid (bundled with lease_application)

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA)

SwedenSE

Not used in this regime

BelgiumBE

Bundled into another step

Recorded under Lease application

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Revenue secured

CfD awarded, tariff secured, PPA signed, cap-and-floor approved.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

CfD award / Cap-and-Floor approval / FiDeR Investment Contract / Renewables Obligation / Merchant Exemption

Authority

LCCC (CfDs) / Ofgem (cap-and-floor) / DESNZ

StatuteEnergy Act 2013 (CfDs); Electricity Act 1989; EU Reg 714/2009 Art. 17 retained post-Brexit (merchant exemption)

TermCfD: 15 years (AR1–AR6), 20 years (AR7 onwards). RO: 20 years from commissioning. Cap-and-Floor: 25 years.

GermanyDE

Instrument

BNetzA Zuschlag (auction award)

Authority

Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)

StatuteWindSeeG §24 (market premium); EEG (pre-2017 feed-in tariff)

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

SDE+ / TOWOZ / negative-bid / two-sided CfD subsidy award

Authority

RVO / Minister of KGG

FranceFR

Instrument

Tariff / complément de rémunération (20-year two-sided CfD)

Authority

Ministre de la Transition Écologique (bundled into arrêté lauréats)

Term20 years from commissioning (post-AO3)

PolandPL

Instrument

URE Art. 18 decision (Phase I) / Phase II auction award

Authority

Prezes URE; settlement counterparty ZARE (Zarządca Rozliczeń S.A.)

StatuteOffshore Wind Promotion Act 2020 (Dz.U. 2021 poz. 234; consolidated Dz.U. 2025 poz. 498)

DenmarkDK

Instrument

DEA tender award / lottery (bundled with lease_awarded) / FiT-legacy ministerial directive

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA); settlement via DEA + Energinet; supervisory oversight Forsyningstilsynet

StatuteVE-loven; Offshore Wind Promotion Act; EU Directive 2024/1711 + Regulation 2024/1747 (Electricity Market Design Reform)

Term20 years from commissioning (modern DK-tender CfDs)

SwedenSE

Instrument

Elcertifikat (electricity certificates) — legacy projects only

Authority

Energimyndigheten (Swedish Energy Agency)

StatuteLagen (2011:1200) om elcertifikat

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Green Certificate minimum-price guarantee (first zone) / two-way Contract for Difference (PEZ)

Authority

CREG + Elia (Green Certificates) / Federal Minister of Energy (CfD award)

StatuteFederal Electricity Act of 29 April 1999 (Green Certificates); Law of 12 May 2019 (two-way CfD)

Term17–20 years (Green Certificates); 20 years (CfD)

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Revenue declined / withdrawn

Revenue mechanism withdrawn or bid rejected.

United KingdomGB

Instrument

Unsuccessful CfD bid / Cap-and-Floor refusal / cross-border block

Authority

DESNZ / NESO / Ofgem / CRE (cross-border)

GermanyDE

Instrument

Unsuccessful Ausschreibung bid / round failure

Authority

Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)

StatuteWindSeeG §14(2)

NetherlandsNL

Instrument

Failed-tender outcome (rare in NL)

Authority

RVO

FranceFR

Instrument

Unsuccessful bid / failed tender

Authority

Commission de régulation de l'énergie (CRE) / Ministre de la Transition Écologique

PolandPL

Instrument

URE refusal / unsuccessful auction bid / withdrawal

Authority

Prezes URE

DenmarkDK

Instrument

Failed tender outcome / bidder-specific rejection or withdrawal

Authority

Danish Energy Agency (DEA)

SwedenSE

Not used in this regime

BelgiumBE

Instrument

Unsuccessful / withdrawn PEZ CfD bid

Authority

FPS Economy — Directorate-General for Energy

IEIE

Not yet documented.

NONO

Not yet documented.

Coverage Index

Compact jump-table — one row per event, one column per regime. The dot shows how each regime treats the step; a dash means we have not documented that cell yet.

Distinct stageBundled into another stepNot used in this regime—Not yet documented

Event	GB	DE	NL	FR	DK	SE	IE	NO
Siting & Property Rights
Zone identified							—	—
Site selected							—	—
Lease application							—	—
Lease awarded							—	—
Lease executed							—	—
Permitting & Consents
Public consultation							—	—
EIA submitted							—	—
EIA approved							—	—
EIA declined / withdrawn	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Planning consent submitted							—	—
Planning consent awarded							—	—
Planning consent declined / withdrawn	—	—	—		—		—	—
Consent variation submitted							—	—
Consent variation awarded							—	—
Other permit submitted							—	—
Other permit awarded							—	—
Other permit declined / withdrawn	—	—	—	—		—	—	—
Regulatory — other							—	—
Auctions & Offtake
Auction opened							—	—
Auction bid closed							—	—
Revenue application							—	—
Revenue secured							—	—
Revenue declined / withdrawn							—	—