DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability supported TuNur as an engineering consultancy on the “EU Grid Integration of Tunisia-Based Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plant” study that assessed how electricity from TuNur’s Tunisia-based CSP development could be integrated into the European electricity system. The work evaluated the impacts of integrating 2 GW of generating capacity into Europe via an HVDC link from Tunisia to a landing point in central Italy. As described by Nur Energie, the study was conducted by TuNur together with Imperial College of London and DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability, with findings reported publicly on 13 November 2012. The scope was focused on system-level grid integration considerations (technical feasibility and implications for the European power system) associated with importing large-scale, dispatchable solar generation from North Africa. This engagement formed part of the project’s development-stage technical workstream, providing analysis to evidence that the proposed cross-Mediterranean HVDC connection and the associated 2 GW import volume could be accommodated and could deliver grid integration benefits to Europe. No contract value or detailed deliverable breakdown was stated in the cited source.