PSE-Operator (Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne)

Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A. (PSE) is Poland’s sole electricity transmission system operator, designated by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office to perform this function until at least 31 December 2030. Founded in 1990 and 100% owned by the State Treasury, it operates nationwide high‑voltage infrastructure that forms the backbone of the National Power System and is part of the interconnected European grid. As of 2023, PSE owned and operated 16,133 km of extra‑high‑voltage transmission lines across 306 circuits and 109 substations, serving 144 transmission service counterparties and maintaining access arrangements with 166 distribution system operators not directly connected to the transmission grid. The company employed 2,937 people and reported 2023 net revenues from sales of PLN 26.4 billion, net profit of PLN 2.17 billion, EBITDA of PLN 3.13 billion and total assets of PLN 30.5 billion. PSE’s core tasks cover real‑time system operation and security of supply, development and adequacy of the national transmission grid and cross‑border interconnections, and operation of Poland’s central commercial balancing mechanism. It runs the balancing market, capacity market processes and cross‑border capacity allocation, providing market‑based access for electricity exchange and supporting the wholesale electricity market’s technical infrastructure. Internationally, PSE is a member of ENTSO‑E and cooperates with neighbouring TSOs, including joint system restoration tests with the Slovak operator. Since 2021, PSE has also acted as Energy Market Information Operator, responsible for implementing and operating the CSIRE central information system to collect and share metering and retail market data, improving process times and transparency for market participants and end users. The company is executing a large-scale grid investment programme, including a planned PLN 65 billion outlay for new and modernised substations and thousands of kilometres of new lines, and is developing new, energy‑efficient operational facilities such as its Radom dispatch and office complex with on‑site photovoltaic generation.