Georgian State Electrosystem (GSE) JSC

JSC Georgian State Electrosystem (GSE) is Georgia’s state-owned electricity transmission system operator, established in 2002 through the merger of Electrogadatsema JSC and Electrodispetcherizatsia-2000 LLC. Headquartered at 2 Baratashvili Street in Tbilisi, it operates under long‑term transmission and dispatch licenses issued by the Georgian National Energy and Water Supply Regulatory Commission. GSE provides electricity transmission and exclusive dispatch services across the entire territory of Georgia, transferring power produced by hydro, thermal and wind power plants to distribution companies and large direct consumers without engaging in generation or retail supply. The National Dispatch Center located at GSE’s headquarters controls system operations in real time, plans and coordinates electricity generation and consumption, and manages the network under both normal and emergency conditions. GSE owns and operates the high‑voltage transmission grid, including more than 3,000 km of 500/400/330/220/110/35 kV lines and around 90+ substations, and manages cross‑border interconnections with Russia, Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Technical maintenance is organized through four regional networks – Eastern, Western, Southern and Kakheti – each with its own regional offices. The company is the sole transmission system operator in Georgia and holds the electricity market operating license for the balancing and ancillary services segment. It offers grid connection services, system control and ancillary services such as frequency and voltage control, operating reserves, and supports exporters, importers, transit customers and other market participants through tools like the capacity allocation platform and guarantees of origin for electricity. GSE has subsidiaries including Energotrans, which owns and operates key 500 kV backbone and interconnection lines (such as Vardzia, Zekari and the 400 kV Meskheti link to Turkey), and Karçal/Karchal Energy, as well as an equity stake in Georgian Energy Exchange JSC, which operates the day‑ahead and intraday markets. The company implements and manages large donor‑financed infrastructure and system development programs such as the Transmission Grid Strengthening Project, the Energy Supply Reliability and Financial Recovery Project, the Energy Network Improvement Programme, and strategic regional initiatives including the Black Sea Submarine Cable Project and an Energy Storage and Green Hydrogen Development Project. About 1,400 employees work for GSE, which cooperates closely with international financial institutions and neighboring TSOs to enhance reliability, integrate renewable energy and expand Georgia’s role as a regional electricity transit hub.